Sponsored by Soma Tech Intl
By Victor Fernandes, Soma Tech Intl Biomed
Soma Tech Intl Biomed Victor Fernandes recently shared some of the most common frequently asked questions about two models of STERIS sterilization devices.
1. What are some things to consider when purchasing an autoclave?
It all comes down to the application the autoclave is used for. The chamber size is probably the most important consideration, make sure your trays fit the chamber and always consider future growth and sterilization of instruments. The sterilization cycle options, the temperature range to achieve sterilization, the steam pressure capacity, control features, etc. are all important considerations. For the space where the sterilizer will be installed, the inlet water quality, drain installation and electrical requirements are all key factors to keep in mind prior to installation.
2. How often do autoclaves need to undergo preventative maintenance?
Steam and water seriously wear down autoclaves. Therefore, it is critical to regularly maintain and serve the autoclave to keep it functioning properly. Many of these service contracts can vary based on how frequently the user would want to perform them. Most manufacturers recommend at least a yearly checkup on an autoclave. This is based on the usage rate of the machine; it may be recommended to perform it with more frequency at times. Soma Tech Intl offers a variety of preventative maintenance service contracts for autoclaves. The PM process includes replacing the manifold kits along with various other components that are prone to failure with prolonged use and as the machine ages. Performance tests are done to verify that the unit does not have a leak and that the machine can still run through a sterilization cycle. For more information on the service contracts offered by Soma call 800-GET-SOMA.
3. What is the refurbishment process like for sterilizers?
The typical refurbishment process consists of removing and replacing all the old parts and components of the sterilizer with new ones. The interior of the steam chamber is thoroughly cleaned, removing stains and any debris that may have gathered on the unit. The machine’s frame is sanded and repainted to give it a cleaner cosmetic look. Pipes that connect the various manifolds and chamber are removed, sandblasted, rethreaded and coated with a high-temperature protective finish. While the steam, water and exhaust manifolds also undergo the same procedure, all the internal components and valves are replaced with new kits, other components such as pressure sensors, water level sensors are replaced. A new heat exchanger is also built into the sterilizer, all screens are upgraded to be the latest generation. The unit’s door has all its hardware and components replaced to ensure smooth operation. The rebuilt system then undergoes pressure and temperature calibration along with other various built-in tests such as leak and DART tests to ensure the sterilizer can perform optimally. The tests are performed over multiple days to ensure proper functioning of the unit.
4. What tests must be done before using a sterilizer?
Before operating an autoclave, it is important to perform a DART or Bowie Dick test to ensure that the unit can reach the appropriate temperature to perform the sterilization process. Spore tests are done to indicate to the user that the machine is achieving sterilization. Additional tests may be needed based on each facility’s standards and operating protocols.
5. How do I load items properly in an autoclave?
Items should be placed strategically in the system, allowing the steam to pass through freely, while still allowing the heat to be distributed evenly. The chamber should not be overloaded, there should always be some space between items. If the autoclave chamber is overloaded, it can usually result in wet packs and proper sterilization will not be achieved which can cost a significant amount of time and effort. Not to mention wet packs can be caused due to other vacuum or pressure issues; however, proper loading of the chamber is a must.
6. How long does it take for the material to be sterilized?
This depends on several factors, the type of material being sterilized, the size of the load inside the autoclave, the specifications of the autoclave and the type of cycle selected on the autoclave. Most medical materials require a sterilization time of approximately 20 minutes after the desired pressure and temperature are achieved.
7. Are there different types of autoclaves?
Yes, there are several types of autoclaves, including pre-vacuum, gravity, steam flush pressure pulse (SFPP) and high-speed autoclaves. Autoclaves may vary in size from table-top to large steam sterilizers. Some non-tabletop sterilizers may have two doors that can be installed in between two rooms as a pass-through setting to facilitate workflow between clean and dirty rooms. In the past decade many facilities have added low-temp sterilizers; this is due to new models of medical equipment that are only spec’d to be low-temp sterilized. Some of the market leaders in this category are ASP/Sterrad and STERIS V-Pro.
8. What model of steam generators are used with sterilizers?
Steam generators may be included with sterilizers either directly inside the unit itself if space is available or it may be an exterior generator that may supply steam to multiple sterilizers. STERIS, Electro-steam and General Boiler generators have slightly different sizes and plumbing configurations and require three-phase power sources of 208V or 480V to generate steam along with a regular 120V power source to power its main controls. Some generators include an auto-flush feature that allows the user to flush out the generator which helps keep the generator clean and extend its life.
9. Are all materials suitable for sterilization?
No. Many materials are heat sensitive. Due to the high pressure and high temperature inside the autoclave chamber, the material may be damaged beyond repair. Materials such as plastics, rubber and heat-sensitive materials are not suitable for sterilizing in an autoclave and may require a different form of sterilization such as chemical sterilization. Be sure to check the compatibility of all materials before placing them inside an autoclave. This is mainly the reason why low temp sterilizers are gaining popularity as they sterilize with hydrogen peroxide and allow batteries, cameras and many other items that can’t be sterilized using traditional autoclaves. Every brand and model have a compatibility matrix for low-temp, we recommend you check the IFUs before considering the right model to purchase for your facility.
10. What are some of the common failures in autoclaves and tips for troubleshooting?
The most common failure experienced while using autoclaves are wet packs at the end of cycles. Typically, this may be due to overloading or improper packing of the items inside the chamber but it can also be caused by the unit not pulling a strong vacuum during cycles. This can be fixed by performing a vacuum leak test and other factors such as inlet water pressure and flow should be verified to be within specs to ensure proper functionality of the machine. Steam generator failures are also common and can be addressed by regular flushing of the steam generator. This will help prevent bursting of heating elements, increase the life-expectancy of the generator, and cycles will run at optimal speeds. Finally, door issues can also occur due to it being the part most handled by the users. Depending on the autoclave, always handle the doors with care and ensure that critical components such as handles, door guides, tension cables and hardware are not loose. Sometimes simple adjustments to a piece of hardware may be what’s needed to ensure smooth door operation. Remember to always perform thorough and regular preventative maintenance on autoclaves by replacing old and worn out components such as gaskets and seals in order to avoid failures in the future.
Victor Fernandes, Soma Tech Intl Biomed
